ANALISIS YURIDIS ASAS PACTA TERTIIS NEC NOCENT NEC PROSUNT DALAM SUKSESI TIMOR TIMUR DARI WILAYAH INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2017.01003.8Keywords:
Sovereignty, Succession, Pacta Tertiis Nec Nocent Nec ProsuntAbstract
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Abstract
This research aims to analyze the sovereignty of the state related to the succession or separation of East Timor from the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. In addition, this research also analyzes the implementation of the pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt principle related to the Timor Gap Treaty between Indonesia and Australia. This research is used normative law research by collecting secondary data. Data is collected using methods of literary study by collecting legal material and information in the form of legal materials of primary, secondary, and tertiary. In order to get a clear explanation, the data will be arranged systematically and analyzed using descriptive methods. The results of this research show that Timor Leste has the sovereignty and legal capacity to provide protection to its citizens, territories and activities. But the power of the state is limited to the territory, the emergence of the power of another country, and lies in international law. In relation to the succession of the state, since the United Nations Transition Administration in East Timor on behalf of the United Nations handed over the sovereignty of East Timor on 26 May 2002 to the people of Timor Leste, it indicates the succession of the state. Whereas in relation to the pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt principle, Article 34 of the Vienna Convention 1969 on the International Treaty firmly adheres to the the pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt principle which means that the treaty can not grant rights and obligations to third parties. Under the pratice of the nec noc prosunt nactant pacta, the continental shelf area to the south of East Timor which is the object of the Timor Gap Treaty is no longer under Indonesian sovereignty, but is under East Timorese sovereignty as a consequence of East Timor's independence.
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Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis paham kedaulatan negara terkait dengan suksesi atau pemisahan Timor Timur dari wilayah Republik Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menganalisis asas pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt terkait dengan Perjanjian Celah Timor antara Indonesia dan Australia. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Timor Leste memiliki kedaulatan dan kemampuan hukum untuk memberikan perlindungan pada warga negaranya, wilayah, dan kegiatannya. Namun kekuasaan negara terbatas pada wilayah, munculnya kekuasaan suatu negara lain, serta terletak pada hukum internasional. Terkait dengan suksesi negara, sejak United Nations Transition Administration in east Timor atas nama PBB menyerahkan kedaulatan Timor Leste pada tanggal 26 Mei 2002 kepada bangsa Timor Leste, hal tersebut menandakan terjadinya suksesi negara. Sedangkan terkait dengan asas pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt, Pasal 34 Konvensi Wina 1969 tentang Perjanjian Internasional dengan tegas menganut asas pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt yang berarti bahwa perjanjian tidak dapat memberikan hak dan kewajiban pada pihak ketiga. Dengan asas pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt, maka wilayah landas kontinen yang berada di sebelah selatan Timor Timur yang merupakan obyek dari Perjanjian Celah Timor tidak lagi berada di bawah kedaulatan Indonesia, tetapi berada di bawah kedaulatan Timor Leste sebagai konsekuensi atas kemerdekaan Timor Timur.
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Internasional
Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional. (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2000 Nomor 185. Tambahan Lembaran Negara R.I. Nomor 4012.)
Konvensi Wina 1969 tentang Perjanjian Internasional (The Convention was adopted on 22 May 1969 and opened for signature on 23 May 1969 by the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties. The Conference was convened pursuant to General Assembly resolutions 2166 (XXI) of 5 December 1966 and 2287 (XXII)2of 6 December 1967. The Conference held two sessions, both at the Neue Hofburg in Vienna, the first session from 26 March to 24 May 1968 and the second session from 9 April to 22 May 1969. The Convention entered into force on 27 January 1980.)
Konvensi Wina 1978 mengenai Suksesi Negara dalam Hubungan dengan Perjanjian Internasional (The Convention was adopted on 22 August 1978 by the United Nations Conference on the Succession of States in respect of Treaties and was opened for signature at Vienna from 23 August 1978 to 28 February 1979, then at the Headquarters of the United Nations, in New York until 31 August 1979. The Conference was convened pursuant to General Assembly resolution 3496 (XXX). Entry into force on 6 November 1996, in accordance with article 49 (1). Registration: 6 November 1996, No. 33356.)
Konvensi Wina 1983 tentang Konvensi Wina tentang Suksesi Negara sehubungan dengan Kekayaan Negara, Arsip, dan Utang. (Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of State Property, Archives and Debts. The Convention was adopted on 7 April 1983 and was opened for signature on 8 April 1983 by the United Nations Conference on Succession of States in respect of State Property, Archives and Debts. The Convention remained open for signature until 30 June 1984. The Conference was convened pursuant to General Assembly resolution 36/1131 of 10 December 1981 and 37/1122 of 15 November 1982.)
Konvensi Montevideo 1933 tentang Hak-Hak dan Kewajiban Negara. (The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States is a treaty signed at Montevideo, Uruguay, on December 26, 1933. The convention became operative on December 26, 1934. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on January 8, 1936.)
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