KRITIK KONSEPTUALISASI PEMEGANG HAK DAN PEMEGANG KEWAJIBAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2015.00803.3Keywords:
HAMAbstract
Abstract
The Act No.39 of 1999 on Human Rights has strategic position due to its position as reference law for every lower legislation in the area of human rights, and therefore to some extent will influence the State complience in promoting human rights. One of the most central issues in the Act No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights is about the conceptualization of human rights’ elements that are ‘rights holder’ and ‘duties-bearer’. There has been contradiction in terminological use of ‘rights holder’ and ‘duties-bearer’ by both state apparatus and community members. This research will conduct criticism to the conceptualization of ‘rights holder’ and ‘duties-bearer’ in the Human Rights Act by means of interpretative study based on the relation between law and language. The output of this study is intended to contribute in enriching conceptual reference for legal interpretation conducted by the judge in the court in relation to human rights case; giving theoretical framework for legislature and government in establishing laws and regulation, policy, program, and plan as efforts to respect, protect, fulfil, and promote human rights.
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Abstrak
Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia memiliki posisi strategis karena menjadi dasar dan rujukan dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di bawahnya dan oleh karena itu akan menentukan kualitas kebijakan dan tindakan negara terkait penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia. Salah satu elemen esensial dalam penormaan definiendum HAM adalah “Pemegang Hak (rights holder)†dan “Pemegang Kewajiban (duties-bearer)â€. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode normatif konseptual yang ditujukan untuk melakukan pengujian secara kritis terhadap konstruksi norma “Pemegang Hak (rights holder)†dan “Pemegang Kewajiban (duties-bearer)†yang ada dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Latar belakang faktual diselenggarakannya penelitian ini adalah karena terjadinya kontradiksi penggunaan terminologi “Pemegang Hak (rights holder)†dan “Pemegang Kewajiban (duties-bearer)†di ruang-ruang publik antara lain oleh otoritas negara, aktivis Hak Asasi Manusia, dan masyarakat. Kontribusi dari luaran penelitian (output) adalah pengayaan basis atau acuan interpretasi dalam ratio decidendi maupun obiter dictum para hakim terkait penanganan perkara pelanggaran (violation) maupun penyalahgunaan (abuse) Hak Asasi Manusia; selain itu, memberikan asistensi kepada otoritas legislatif dan eksekutif dalam menyusun kebijakan, program, rencana, dan tindakan terkait Hak Asasi Manusia sehingga mempunyai tingkat fisibilitas tinggi karena kejelasan pada aspek pelaksana kewajiban oleh lembaga-lembaga negara serta penargetan yang lebih jelas terkait siapa yang menerima manfaatnya.
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Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Dasar Sementera 1950.
Undang-undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.
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