PEMENUHAN HAK ANAK YANG DIRAMPAS KEBEBASANNYA: DISKURSUS STANDAR MINIMUM LEMBAGA PEMBINAAN KHUSUS ANAK (LPKA) DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2022.01503.6Keywords:
Minimum Standards, Children’s Rights, Child Special Guidance InstitutionsAbstract
Although Indonesia has ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child since 5 September 1990, its implementation still contains many weaknesses. This study aims to formulate minimum guideline standards for LPKA management in Indonesia that is able to protect children’s rights in accordance with the mandate of the legislations. This socio-legal research uses statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, taking samples from LPKA Blitar and LPKA Karangasem. The results indicate that there is no minimum guideline standards in LPKA for fulfilling children’s rights. The standards are adjusted to the capabilities of each LPKA based on the availability of human resources, funding, and minimal facilities. Therefore, the auhtor formulates minimum standards for LPKA management, starting from admission, registration and placement; physical environment; education, until return to community.
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Peraturan Perudang-undangan
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana
Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan
Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia
Undang-Undang No. 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang
Undang-Undang No 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia
Undang-Undang RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak sebagaimana dirubah dengan Undang-Undang RI Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak sebagaimana dirubah dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.
United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency-The Riyadh Guidelines. Resolusi No. 45/112, Tanggal 14 Desember 1990 (Panduan PBB untuk Pencegahan Kenakalan Anak-Panduan Riyadh).
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United Nation Standard Minimum Rules for Administration of Juvenile Justice-the Beijing Rules Resolusi No. 40/ 33, tanggal 29 November 1985. (Peraturan Standar Minimum PBB untuk Pelaksanaan Peradilan Anak-Peraturan Beijing)
Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia Nomor M.HH-03.OT.02.02 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pedoman Perlakuan Anak di Balai Pemasyarakatan (BAPAS), Lembaga Penempatan Anak Sementara (LPAS) dan Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Di Lingkungan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia
Wawancara
Wawancara dengan anak di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Blitar, 2011.
Wawancara dengan LPKA Blitar melalui telp dan kuisioner, 7 September 2021.
Wawancara dengan LPKA Karangasem Bali, 27 Agustus 2021.
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