KEDUDUKAN KELEBIHAN HARTA WARISAN (RADD) UNTUK JANDA DAN DUDA DALAM HUKUM WARIS ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2017.01002.6Keywords:
heir, radd, widow and widowerAbstract
Abstract
This study aims to find out how current legal devices could give legal certainty on excess of family heritage partition (radd) for widowers and widows in Islamic laws as well as analyse judicial consideration on which matters regarding excess of family heritage partition (radd) for widower and widow are based.The writer used normative law method which consists of statute approach and conceptual approach.The comprehension of radd in Islamic scholars views differ from each other in terms of heirs. Some scholars accept the concept of radd whereas some do not. Scholars who do not accept radd base their views on An-Nisa verse 14 and hadiths which state that radd should be given to baitul mal as Muslims representative. On the other hand, scholars who accept the concept of radd refer their arguments to Al-Anfal verse 75 and hadiths which state that kinship has more influence to inheritance matter rather than relations based on religions or marriages. Nevertheless, scholars who accept radd also differ from each other in terms who has the right to receive radd. The matters of radd have been regulated on article 193 of Islamic Law Compilation (KHI). Radd should be given to all heirs with no exception including husband (widower) or wife (widow). Based on rational thinking, husband (widower) or wife (widow) are allowed to receive radd since under no circumstances is husband or wife unable to give heritage to their wife or husband. However, in different context and cases, it can be reconsidered without setting aside scholars arguments.
Â
Abstrak
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memperbaharui sejauh mana perangkat hukum yang ada mampu memberikan kepastian hukum kedudukan kelebihan pembagian harta warisan (radd) untuk janda dan duda dalam hukum waris Islam dan menganalisis tentang pertimbangan yuridis yang dijadikan dasar pertimbangan dalam memutus perkara yang terkait dengan kelebihan pembagian harta warisan (radd) untuk janda dan duda. Penulis menggunakan metode hukum normatif yang terdiri dari pendekatan undang-undang (statue approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Pemahaman konsep radd dalam pandangan para ulama memiliki perbedaan mengenai ahli waris penerima radd. Ada ulama yang menerima radd dan ada juga yang menolak radd. Ulama yang menolak radd berdasakan Surat An-Nisa ayat 14 dan hadits, yaitu radd diserahkan kepada baitul mal sebagai perwakilan dari umat Islam. Sedangkan ulama yang menerima radd memperkuat argumennya dengan dalil surat Al-Anfal ayat 75 dan hadits, yaitu hubungan kekerabatan nasab jauh lebih berpengaruh dalam kewarisan dibandingkan dengan hubungan agama atau perkawinan. Karena dipandang lebih maslahah dan dapat membantu kehidupan keluarganya. Ternyata ulama yang menerima radd juga menimbulkan perbedaan tentang siapa saja ahli waris yang berhak menerima radd. Masalah radd diatur dalam pasal 193 Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Radd diberikan kepada semua ahli waris tanpa kecuali, termasuk suami (duda)/istri (janda). Secara lebih rasional suami (duda)/istri (janda) boleh menerima radd, karena dalam keadaan apapun tidak mungkin seorang suami (duda)/istri (janda) terhalang mewaris atau terhijab
References
Buku
Abdurahman. Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo, 2004.
Afdol. Penerapan Hukum Waris Islam secara Adil. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 2003.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah. Fiqih Islam wa Adillatuhu: Hak-hak Anak, Wasiat, Wakaf, Warisan. Terj. Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani, dkk. Jakarta: Gema Isnani, 2011.
Ash-Shiddieqy, Hasbi. Fiqhul Mawaris. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1973.
Ghazali, Hasan Yusuf. Al-Miras ala al-Mazahibul Arba'ah dirasatan watatbikhan. Ttp: Daar al-Fikr, 2003.
Hamid, Abdul dan Muhammad Muhyiddin. Ahkam Al-Mawarits fi Al-Syari'ah Al-Islamiyah‘ala Madhahib Al-Arba'ah. Terj. Wahyudi Abdurrahim. Jakarta: Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2006.
Hamid, Abdul dan Muhammad Muhyiddin. Ahkam Al-Mawarits fi Al-Syari'ah Al-Islamiyah‘ala Madhahib Al-Arba'ah. Terj. Wahyudi Abdurrahim. Jakarta: Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2006.
Komite Fakultas Syari'ah Universitas Al-Azhar Kairo. Hukum Waris. Terj. Addys al-Alizar, Fathurrahman. Jakarta: Senayan Abadi Publishing, 2004.
Kuzari, Akhmad. Sistem Asabah: Dasar Pemindahan Hak Milik atas Harta Tinggalan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 1996.
Maruzi, Muslich. Pokok-Pokok Ilmu Waris. Cetakan Ke-dua. Jakarta: Pustaka Amani, 1981.
Mughniyah, Muhammad Jawad. Fiqh Lima Mahzab. Terj. Afif Muhammad, Jakarta: Basri Press, 1994.
Muhammad Ali As-Shabuni, Ilmu Hukum Waris Menurut Ajaran Islam. Surabaya: Mutiara Ilmu, 1388.
Qudamah, Ibnu. Al-Mughni. Juz 7. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, t.th.
Rahman, Fatchur. Ilmu Waris. Bandung: Al Ma'rif, 1981.
Usman, Usman Suparman dan Yusuf Somawinata. Cetakan Ke-dua. Fiqh Mawaris Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama, 2002.
Jurnal
Murlisa, Lia. "Ahli Waris Penerima Radd Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Relevansinya dengan Sosial Kemasyarakatan". Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA, Vol. 14. No. 2, (Februari 2015): 281-297.
Thesis
Zahari, Ahmad. "Kewarisan Kompilasi Hukum Islam serta Persamaan dan Perbedaannya dengan Hukum Kewarisan Syafii dan Hazairin". Thesis Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang: UNDIP, 2005. Tidak Dipublikasikan.
Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945.
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.
Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Kompilasi Hukum Islam.
Burgeliijk Wetboek (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Iwan Setyo Utomo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This journal embed or display simple machine-readable CC licensing information. This journal allow reuse and remixing of content in accordance with a Creative Commons license, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC). This license (CC BY NC) allows other users to re-edit / rewrite and rebuild a work non-commercially as long as the user gives credit and licenses his new work in the same domain.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
